Linux Edu Handbook - handbook:handbook

about

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

about_mysql

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

What is MySQL? MySQL is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System [RDBMS], a database engine of sorts that uses Structured Query Language (SQL). SQL is the most popular language for adding, accessing, and processing data in a database, and is most noted for its rapid processing, proven reliability, and ease and flexibility of use. Best mate for PHP, MySQL is part in almost every open source application. Good examples for use of its power are phpBB, osCommerce, and php…

about_oracle

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Oracle Oracle Corporation was founded in 1977 in Redwood, California. They introduced the first Relational Database Management System based on the IBM System/R model and the first database management system utilizing IBM's Structured Query Language (SQL) technology.

about_postgres

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

What is Postgres? Traditional relational database management systems (DBMSs) support a data model consisting of a collection of named relations, containing attributes of a specific type. In current commercial systems, possible types include floating point numbers, integers, character strings, money, and dates. It is commonly recognized that this model is inadequate for future data processing applications. The relational model successfully replaced previous models in part because of its

apache

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Compiling and Installing Apache 1.3 Downloading Apache Information on the latest version of Apache can be found on the Apache web server at . This will list the current release, any more recent beta-test release, together with details of mirror web and anonymous ftp sites.

apache2

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Apache 2.x Introduction Apache 2.0 is a standards compliant, fast and mature web server which excels at delivering static content such as static HTML pages and images. Download the required software Apache 2.X Binaries > Install Apache.

bash

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Command line interpreter The command line interpreter is a programm which reads the input from the user and then interprets it. Most probably, you have met with Bash, the Unix command line interpreter. Other famous interpreters are command.com for DOS, cmd.exe for WinNT and so on.

bash1

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

BASH Programming - Introduction HOW-TO This article intends to help you to start programming basic-intermediate shell scripts. It does not intend to be an advanced document (see the title). I am NOT an expert nor guru shell programmer. Requisites

bash2

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Simple Command Expansion When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing.

bash4

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

I have used *nix Bourne Again Shell (BASH) scripts occasionally in the past. Although I know what they are and how to use them, I have never actually written one myself before. Today, I had a plan to backup all the MySQL databases on this server and writing a BASH script to help me do that easily seemed like a very good idea. I started searching the WWW for BASH shell scripting tutorials bright and early this morning, and within a couple of hours, I had written a script that did the job!

bash5

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Input, Output and Error Redirection 1. Introduction When you run a UNIX command usually that program sends an output to the shell prompt. If you don't want your output to be visible in your shell prompt, you can redirect it. You could make the output go directly to the printer, into a file or you can make it vanish .

bind

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) is an implementation of the Domain Name System (DNS) protocols and provides an openly redistributable reference implementation of the major components of the Domain Name System, including: - a Domain Name System server (named) - a Domain Name System resolver library - tools for verifying the proper operation of the

booting

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Biblical version: In the beginning, there was GRUB (or maybe LILO) and GRUB loaded the kernel, and kernel begat init, and init begat rc, and rc begat network and httpd and getty, and getty begat login, and login begat shell and so on. Introduction

crossovercable

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

CrossOver Cable To make a “Crossover” cable you change the pinout connections on one end of the cable. If you do it on both ends of the cable you have crossed-over the crossover and now have a straight-through cable. Pins 1 & 2 from one end are connected to pins 3 & 6 on the other end, and pins 3 & 6 from the first end are connected to pins 1 & 2 on the other end. Pins 4 & 5 and 7 & 8 don't change. The pinouts looking from the bottom of the cat5 ends (White/Orange starts on the left) are as fo…

daemons

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Daemons, Signals and Killing Processes Daemons Special small programs that perform specific tasks. A daemon may run all the time “watching” a system or they may “wake up” when a task needs to be performed. For example the program that wakes up to deliver a mail message, or a file to be printed. When a mail message cannot be delivered you may receive a message from the mailer daemon. The daemon program name usually ends in `d', eg:

device

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Devices Since everything in Linux is represented as file, the devices are no exception. Every device file in Linux resides in the /dev directory. These device files are needed to direct input and output through them. The device files actually contain no data, they serve only as a linking bridge between the user and the device itself. They only inform about the location of the device and communicate with it.

distros

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Definition Linux is a high performance, yet completely free, Unix-like operating system that is suitable for use on a wide range of computers and other products. There are two definitions of Linux. The stricter one is just the kernel (i.e., the core of the operating system) itself. The more common one is a coordinated software package, referred to as a distribution, which consists of the kernel together with dozens of free utilities and application programs.

exims

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Exim Exim is extremely easy to configure for dialup use. It also happens to be the default MTA on Debian GNU/Linux. Debian has a script called eximconfig which will help you interactively configure exim. These settings below will configure Exim on a dialup line to deliver mail immediately to the local domain (say linuxbox.example.com), queue all outbound mail when offline and hand it off to a smarthost for delivery. However, unqualified senders (say

faxserrver

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Linux simple fax printer server mini-HOWTO DISCLAIMER: No warranties. Comments are always welcome. This document describes in details one of the simplest ways to setup fax server on your Linux system. The fax is available to the users on the local host and to network users.

firewall

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Firewall Firewall is the one in charge of the good filtration of data and handling of good traffic over the local network, or workstation, for it it is due to fulfill norms which are applied in the server to have a comfortable one I deal of data and to badly have unable applications or instructions prone to the use of the user or being attacked remotely by algun intruder on the Internet.

format_string

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Format string attack Format string attacks are a new class of vulnerabilities discovered in June of 2000 by Przemysław Frasunek and tf8, previously thought to be harmless. The first exploit which used the new technique allowed an attacker to gain remote root privileges on wu-ftpd 2.6.0. Format string attacks can be used to crash a program or to execute harmful code. The problem stems from the use of unfiltered user input as the format string parameter in certain C functions that perform format…

gfdl

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.2, November 2002Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

gpl

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

GPL (or GNU/GPL): GNU General Public License. A software license that provides a high degree of freedom in a collaborative software development effort. A copy of the GNU/GPL license is provided with the Linux kernel source (see the file COPYING). By extension, a software package is said to be GPLed if it is placed under the GNU/

heap

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

heap overflow Heap/BSS-based overflows are fairly common in applications today; yet, they are rarely reported. Therefore, we felt it was appropriate to present a “heap overflow” tutorial. The biggest critics of this article will probably be those who argue heap overflows have been around for a while. Of course they have, but that doesn't negate the need for such material.

introduction

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

GNU For the African animal gnu GNU is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix”. The GNU project was announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman with the goal of creating a complete UNIX-compatible operating system -- called the GNU system or simply GNU

iptables

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

IPTables IPTables what is it ? In linux, the filtrate of packages is controlled at level of kernel. Exist modules for the kernel that allow to define a system of rules to accept or to reject the packages or the communications that transfer through the system. These systems of rules conform what it is known like firewall or fire-resistant;

kernel1

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

**The Linux Kernel Archives** “Welcome to the Linux Kernel Archives. This is the primary site for the Linux kernel source, but it has much more than just Linux kernels.” To begin, choose your protocol and go to the site to download the kernel of your choice to your computer. The

kernel2

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Super quick guide to compiling a kernel The following steps will guide you through building a custom kernel for the x86 architecture: This example uses a 2.6.13 as the kernel version. Your kernel version might differ. To determine your kernel version, type the command in a console

kernel3

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Patching the kernel We will begin by creating a directory to hold all the source tarballs and patches, then proceed to extract the sources. For these examples we will assume that you have previously downloaded an earlier release of the kernel and will now need to patch to bring it up to the current version. The patch linux-2.6.0-test7 is used as an example.

kernel4

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Building a Modularized Kernel One of the first choices you will make is whether or not to build device support directly into the kernel or as a module. You may choose to disable some options entirely. Though you will not have any performance increases, there are advantages to disabling features that are not required. For one, the compile times will be drastically reduced depending on which subsystem is disabled. For another, the final kernel and installed modules will require less space. On mo…

lan

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

LAN - Local Area Network The basics LAN stands for Local Area Network. In other words, LAN is a network of computers, usually limited to some geographical area, such as building, campus and so on. LANs can also differ themselves by their size. Each

linux

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Linux Linux is a computer operating system and its kernel. It is one of the most famous examples of free software and of open-source development: unlike other major operating systems (such as Windows or Mac OS), all of its underlying source code is available to the public and anyone can freely use, modify, and redistribute it.

list_doc

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

We base our list documened package section on the Debian Repository HOWTO. The original article was done by Aaron Isotton ( aaron@isotton.com ) , and this article can be found at : . Introduction A Debian repository is a set of Debian packages organized in a special directory tree which also contains a few additional files containing indexes and checksums of the packages. If a user adds a repository to his /etc/apt/sources.l…

man

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

MAN – Metropolitan Area Network There are few things which discriminate MANs from LANs and WANs. * The size of the network is between LAN’s and WAN’s size. It takes up from 5 to 15 kilometers diameter. But of course, the size is not strictly defined. It can be a whole city, or a few buildings in it.

mount

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Mounting and Unmounting filesystem In modern computers, the data you use can be stored on many different devices. First, the HDD ( Hard Drive Disk), then the removable media, like the Floppies and CD-ROMs(CD’s). If you are regular Windows user, then you probably know that the different filesystems in this operating system are available to you automatically. But, in Linux, every user should execute a process called mounting. Mounting means assigning physical location to every storage device you…

mysql

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

MySQL Recover Root Password To reset a forgotten mysql root password you have to start MySQL by bypassing all privileges and reset the root password. It is highly suggest you do this in single user mode, since it is still possible for every user to access the mysql.sock, if you haven't changed privileges. What you should do:

netfilter

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Introduction Hi guys. This document is a journey; some parts are well-traveled, and in other areas you will find yourself almost alone. The best advice I can give you is to grab a large, cozy mug of coffee or hot chocolate, get into a comfortable chair, and absorb the contents before venturing out into the sometimes dangerous world of network hacking.

networking1

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Network Theory Definition of a network : A network is a wide variety of systems interconnected components. A computer network is a system for communication among two or more computers. These networks may be fixed (cabled, permanent) or temporary (as via modems).

networking2

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Setting an IP on an interface Useful terms In this part, I would like to give explanation to some terms which are useful in setting an interface up. IP address: It is an identifying number and every computer connected to the Internet has it. They are expressed in decimal form. A typical IP would look like: 216.27.61.137. But computers communicate in binary form , so it would look like: 11011000.00011011.00111101.10001001. Every part of the IP is called an octet, because the binary form of eve…

networking3

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Setting route To set a route, you can use the route command. It is used to add or delete route entries to the kernel routing table. Its general form would be: $route [add|del] [-net|-host] target [if] The first parameter, add or del, is used, of course, to add or delete the target into the routing table. –net tells the route command that the target is network, while –host tells that the target is host. –host is the default option. if option is optional, and directs to which network interface …

networking4

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Testing networking Testing the networking interfaces is usually done by some system utilities which are actually using the specific interface. For example, to test if the local loopback interface is on, you can simply ping the lo IP address: $ping 127.0.0.1 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.4 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.4 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.4 ms .......

oracle

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Oracle

patchcable

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Pach Cable To make a “Patch” cable you just need to follow the EIA/TIA 568-B standard. Pins 1 & 2 and 3 & 6 from one end are connected to pins 1 & 2 and 3 & 6 on the other end. The pinouts looking from the bottom of the cat5 ends (White/Orange starts on the left) are as follows:

perl1

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

My first Perl program Introduction Perl stands for Practical Extraction and Report Language. It is created and developed by Larry Wall. The Perl language specialized in string manipulation, system tasks and Input/Output. Perl is an interpreted language. That means that there is no need of compiler when writing Perl programs, you only need a perl language

perl2

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Executing There are several ways to execute a perl script. Let's assume that we have the script named test.pl. In any time, we can execute that script by calling the perl interpreter: $perl test.pl But, we may sometimes want to execute that script without the interpreter. To be able to execute it through our shell, we must first make sure that the scripts starts with the following line:

perl3

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Advanced concept Variables Comparing to many of the other programming languages, variables in Perl are organized in a different way. Generally, they are separated in three groups * Scalar variables * Arrays * Hashes Scalar variables All scalar variables in Perl are identified with a starting

perl4

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

About PERL - Practical Extraction and Report Language Perl is a programming language optimized for scanning arbitrary text files, extracting information from those text files, and printing reports based on that information. It's also a good language for many system management tasks. The language is intended to be practical (easy to use, efficient, complete) rather than beautiful (tiny, elegant, minimal).

permission

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Permissions & Changes GNU/Linux Permissions and Changes in GNU/Linux will try to be the most brief possible thing and I practice in this subject to leave to the reader a clear answer of which this means, hoping to satisfy your doubt. What is a Permission?

plug_java

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Installing Java Plug'In In this document we will be able to make the installation of plugin java on our web browser or called navigator. ---------- In order to be able to make this installation we must obtain a first binary document which obtendra ours plugin programmed as these:

postfix

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

1. Introduction 2. About Author 1. Software 2. Building necessary software 3. Server Setup * Postfix * OpenLDAP * Courier-IMAP 4. WebMail * SquirrelMail 5. Security * SASL * TLS 6. Content Checks * Amavisd-new * SpamAssassin * ClamAV

postgres

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

PostgreSQL Database Server Configuration in Debian Introduction PostgreSQL is a fully featured object-relational database management system. It supports a large part of the SQL standard and is designed to be extensible by users in many aspects. Some of the features are: ACID transactions, foreign keys, views, sequences, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types and functions, outer joins, multiversion concurrency control. Graphical user interfaces and bindings for many programming languages are…

print1

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Supported Linux Printers Since the whole list of printers from different manufacturers, which are actually supported by plenty Linux distributions, is far too long to be listed here, I decided to provide you with the following link -> linuxprinting.org It offers like everything you would need to run your printer on a linux machine, in case it's actually supported. In order to verify that, there is a huge

print2

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

CUPS Introduction CUPS - The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) is a modularised computer printing system for Unix-like operating systems that allows a computer to act as a powerful print server. A computer running CUPS is a host which can accept print jobs from client computers, process them, and send them to the appropriate printer.

print3

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

LPR Overview The Line Printer Daemon protocol (LPR, LPD) also known as the Berkeley printing system, is a set of programs that provide printer spooling and network print server functionality for Unix-like systems. The most common implementations of LPD are the official BSD UNIX operating system and the LPRng project. The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS), which is more common on modern Linux distributions, borrows heavily from LPD.

processes

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Process Information Definition : A process is a program that is executed (or currently running on the computer). It reside in the memory (RAM) of the computer. Every process is unique and is identified by a Process Number called PID. The PID is a random number starting from 0 to 65534. Also, a process has various period of execution. (Eg, sleeping)

programing1

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

My first C program Traditionally, the first C program we will discuss is the Hello World program. So, let’s view the source code of that program, and then discuss it line after line: 1.#include 2. 3.int main() 4.{ 5.printf(“Hello World\n”); 6. 7.return 0; 8.}

programing2

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Compiling and executing Compiling is simply turning the source code into executable, binary file. Compiling depends heavily of the architecture of the program which should be compiled, and it can be accomplished in several ways. We will first stick to the basic compiling skills, and then continue with makefiles and other more advanced compiling techniques.

programing3

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Advanced concept In this part of this handbook, we shall talk about advanced concepts in the C programming language. We already discussed the basics of this language and gave a simple overview of what variables, functions and standard intput/output is. Now the time has come for some more difficult examples and concepts.

programing_1

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

My first C++ program Here, we will talk about the basics of the C++ programming language. Because we do not want to repeat ourselves, we will not talk again for the library, function and variable context, because we have already discussed them in the C programming language section. We will only describe the specific C++ characteristic

programing_2

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Compiling and executing Just like in the C language, C++ programs must be compiled in order to run. The concept of the compiler is same as in the C compilers. The GNU compiler, gcc, can be also used to compile C++ programs. However, there is a binary called

programin_3

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Advanced Concept In this part we will discuss about advanced programming in C++. This part actually is a reflexion of everything which is valuable in C++, it shows the effeciency and compatibility of the language. We will discuss classes and everything which goes with them, namespaces as a relatively new thing in C++ and other advanced concepts.

qmail

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Qmail This E-mail server is written by Dan J. Bernstein (). He made Qmail because he thought that Sendmail (That comes with many Unix/Linuxbased OS) was not so secure and stable. When he wrote this serverapplication, Sendmail was having a lot of problems with security-related issues. You can find additional information at D.J Bernstein`s website,

sendmail

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Introduction It's been said that you aren't a real Unix system administrator until you've edited a sendmail.cf file. It's also been said that you're crazy if you've attempted to do so twice. sendmail is an incredibly powerful mail program. It's also incredibly difficult to learn and understand. Any program whose definitive reference (sendmail, by Bryan Costales and Eric Allman, published by O'Reilly) is 1,050 pages long scares most people off. Information on the sendmail reference is containe…

sound

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Alsa Proyect ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) is a module of sound advanced for linux, under the license of gpl, is one of the systems of sounds but used by linuxers at the moment, its effectiveness and good modulation of dedicated sound this strictly as it says his definition to it to the system of torvalds, GNU/Linux.

stack

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Understanding Stack Overflow The stack is a region of memory on which local automatic variables are created and function arguments are passed. The implementation allocates a default stack size per process. On modern operating systems, a typical stack has at least 1 megabyte, which is sufficient for most purposes. Under anomalous conditions, the program exceeds its stack limit. This causes a stack overflow. The two most common causes for a stack overflow is an infinite recursion, as in:

texteditor

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 15 Oct 2010 15:09:17 +0000

About Linux Text Editors Configuration in Linux like operating systems is often made with the help of text editors. It would be a good idea for you to become familiar in one or more text editors. The vi editor (aka elvis) was introduced in 1983 or so, and its antiquated user interface makes it painful to learn. However

tomcat

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

The Apache Jakarta Project Apache Tomcat Apache Tomcat is the servlet container that is used in the official Reference Implementation for the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies. The Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages specifications are developed by Sun under the Java Community Process.

wan

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

WAN – Wide Area Network A WAN network is a network which covers big geographical area. Usually, every WAN consists of a number of LAN networks. Although a WAN network could be privately owned or rented, the term usually connotes to a public network. Because the distance between two client computers in a WAN network is big, it is not a rare occasion local telephone companies to be involved in providing the network transfer between the clients. They also have the ability to offer a number of se…

xwindow1

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

Hardware The X server controls both input (keyboard, mouse, etc) and output (display, monitor) devices. Compatible hardware is a tough topic, since it is very much a moving target. We are forced here to avoid specifics, since this would surely change by the time you read this. And would be tediously lengthy anyway.

xwindow2

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 15 Apr 2010 19:18:56 +0000

xorg is the public, open source implementation of the X11 X Windows system. Basically, if you want a GUI atop Arch, you will want xorg. Installing xorg Before beginning, make sure you do the following: - Make sure that pacman is configured and refreshed. - If you are running another x-server you can close it now. ctrl+alt+backspace - Make a note about third party drivers (e.g., nVidia or ATI drivers).